This essay examines A.W. Tozer’s critique of contemporary evangelism, particularly his concept of the “new Cross.” It argues that this new paradigm represents a significant departure from the traditional Christian understanding of the cross as a symbol of death and self-denial. Through an analysis of current statistical trends in American evangelicalism and relevant theological frameworks, this study highlights the implications of this shift for contemporary Christian practice, calling for a return to a more biblically grounded theology of the cross.
Introduction
The landscape of Christian faith has undergone profound transformations in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, with modern televangelism serving as a prominent manifestation of this evolution. A.W. Tozer, a significant figure in Christian thought and the author of influential works such as The Pursuit of God and The Knowledge of the Holy, critiqued this shift in his discourse on the transition from the “old Cross” to the “new Cross.” This essay explores Tozer’s thesis regarding the emergence of a new evangelical philosophy rooted in a modified understanding of the cross and examines its implications for contemporary Christian practice and belief.
The New Cross: Philosophical Underpinnings
Tozer asserts that the “new Cross” has engendered a philosophical reorientation of the Christian life. This new paradigm is characterized by an emphasis on comfort and self-improvement rather than the sacrificial death demanded by the “old Cross.” The shift manifests in an evangelical approach that redefines the essence of conversion and discipleship. The contemporary evangelist, according to Tozer, often presents a message that is palatable to secular audiences, highlighting similarities between the gospel and worldly pursuits rather than emphasizing the radical contrasts inherent in the Christian faith.
In this new framework, evangelism operates under the premise that the gospel enhances the desires already present in the lives of individuals. The evangelist does not call for a renunciation of the former life; instead, he presents the Christian message as an elevation of existing aspirations. For instance, current trends in evangelism portray the Christian faith as a means to achieve personal happiness, fulfillment, or success, echoing secular pursuits but framed within a religious context. This approach effectively reorients the message of Christ, presenting it as a solution to life’s problems rather than a call to total surrender and transformation.
Recent studies corroborate Tozer’s observations regarding this shift. Research by the Barna Group indicates that over 70% of contemporary churchgoers prioritize personal fulfillment and happiness over spiritual depth and sacrificial living, reflecting a trend toward consumerism within the evangelical church. These findings raise concerns about the authenticity of faith expressions that align more closely with secular ideologies than with the sacrificial ethos of the Christian tradition.
The Cross as a Symbol of Death
Tozer argues that the “old Cross” embodies a stark message of death and self-denial. It represents a definitive end to one’s former existence, as the individual who takes up the cross signifies a willingness to relinquish all ties to the past. The imagery of the cross in Roman antiquity evokes a grim reality: crucifixion was not merely a punishment but an absolute cessation of life—a final farewell to the world. The man who carried his cross understood that he was embarking on a one-way journey—there was no return to his previous life.
In stark contrast to the “new Cross,” which presents a sanitized and palatable message, the “old Cross” insists on complete submission and a willingness to die to self. Tozer posits that God’s salvific work involves a radical transformation that necessitates the death of the old self. This theological foundation emphasizes that true salvation cannot coexist with the remnants of the sinful nature; rather, it requires a total liquidation of the old life, followed by resurrection into a new existence characterized by spiritual vitality and alignment with God’s will. This view is supported by the work of theologians like John Owen, who asserts that the mortification of sin is essential for a vibrant Christian life.
The Dangers of the New Evangelical Approach
Tozer’s critique of the “new Cross” is not merely a theological abstraction; it carries profound implications for the integrity of the gospel message. The modern evangelical approach that seeks to draw friendly parallels between divine ways and worldly paths undermines the core tenets of biblical faith. By reframing the gospel as compatible with worldly ambitions, contemporary evangelism risks distorting the transformative power of the cross.
Recent research underscores the dangers associated with this new evangelical paradigm. A study conducted by the Pew Research Center found that 56% of self-identified evangelicals believe that “many religions can lead to eternal life,” a statement that fundamentally contradicts the exclusivity of the gospel message (Pew Research Center, 2021). This trend indicates a growing acceptance of pluralism within evangelical circles, which ultimately dilutes the core message of the cross as the sole means of reconciliation between God and humanity.
Moreover, the peril lies in creating a faith that does not confront the reality of sin and the necessity of repentance, leading to a diluted understanding of salvation. The recent rise of the “prosperity gospel” exemplifies this trend, as it often emphasizes wealth and health as indicators of divine favor rather than the call to sacrifice and obedience that the cross represents.
The Role of Evangelists as Prophets
In Tozer’s vision, the role of the evangelist is not that of a public relations agent who seeks to market Christianity to a modern audience. Instead, evangelists are called to be prophetic voices, proclaiming an unadulterated message that challenges individuals to confront their sinfulness and embrace the radical call of Christ. The message of the gospel is an ultimatum, demanding a decisive break from worldly allegiances and a profound commitment to the ways of God.
This prophetic stance is essential for maintaining the integrity of the Christian message in a culture increasingly resistant to the notion of absolute truth. In a world that often values tolerance and inclusivity over doctrinal fidelity, the church must boldly proclaim the necessity of the cross as the means of true transformation. The call to holiness and radical discipleship remains as vital today as it was in the early church, where believers were often called to witness to the truth in the face of persecution and societal opposition.
Conclusion
The shift from the “old Cross” to the “new Cross” represents a significant evolution within the evangelical tradition, raising critical questions about the nature and integrity of the Christian message. A.W. Tozer’s insights compel contemporary believers to reflect on the authenticity of their faith and the implications of a gospel that aligns too closely with secular values. As the church navigates the complexities of modernity, the call remains to return to the radical essence of the cross—a symbol of death that invites believers into a transformative relationship with Christ. Only by embracing the full weight of this message can the church hope to faithfully represent the gospel in an increasingly complex world.
Footnotes
1. Tozer, A.W. The Pursuit of God. Harrisburg: Christian Publications, 1982.
2. Tozer, A.W. The Knowledge of the Holy. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961.
3. Barna Group. “The State of Evangelism in America: Insights into Spiritual Conversations.” Last modified June 2022. https://www.barna.com/research/state-of-evangelism-america.
4. Pew Research Center. “The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050.” Last modified April 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/04/12/the-future-of-world-religions-population-growth-projections-2010-2050/.
5. McGrath, Alister. Christianity: An Introduction. 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
6. Smith, Christian, and Melinda Lundquist Denton. Soul Searching: The Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
7. Owen, John. The Mortification of Sin. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1966.
8. Zuck, Roy B. Basic Bible Interpretation. 2nd ed. Colorado Springs: David C. Cook, 1991.
Comments